The glossary for all organisations

The IPCC is the leading international body for assessing climate change science, providing policymakers with scientific assessments on climate risks and strategies for adaptation and mitigation.

A tool that companies use to assign a monetary value to their greenhouse has emissions, often expressed as a price per metric ton of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e), which companies can utilise to inform investment and operational decisions.

ISO 14064 is an international standard for quantifying, reporting, and verifying greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at the organisational level, helping businesses improve their GHG management.

The International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) is an independent standard-setting body, which develops global standards for sustainability reporting, ensuring businesses disclose their environmental and social impacts effectively.

The entire process of a product’s life, from raw material extraction, production, and use to its eventual disposal or recycling.

A method used to assess the environmental impacts associated with all stages of a product’s life cycle, from raw material extraction to disposal.

Each phase of a product’s life, including material acquisition, production, distribution, use, and end-of-life, which contributes to its overall environmental impact.

A method to calculate Scope 2 GHG emissions based on the average emissions factors of the energy grid in a specific geographic location.

A method to calculate Scope 2 GHG emissions based on emissions from the electricity your company has contractually purchased, including renewable energy certificates.

The stage in a product’s life cycle that covers the extraction and processing of raw materials, which contributes to the product’s overall environmental impact.

Actions and strategies aimed at reducing or preventing the emission of greenhouse gases to limit the effects of climate change.

Science-based greenhouse gas reduction targets that align with limiting global warming to 1.5°C and are expected to be achieved within 5 to 10 years.

Achieving a balance between the greenhouse gases emitted and those removed from the atmosphere, resulting in no net climate impact.

A state where the amount of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere is fully balanced by the amount removed, resulting in no net increase in atmospheric carbon levels.

The boundaries set by a company to determine which of its operations' emissions are included in its carbon reporting, including direct and indirect emissions.

A consolidation approach for greenhouse gas emissions where a company includes all emissions from operations it has operational control over, regardless of ownership.

The boundaries a company sets to define which parts of its operations are included in its carbon emissions reporting, based on the consolidation approach taken - operational control, financial control or equity share.

A legally binding international treaty adopted in 2015, with the goal of limiting global warming to well below 2°C, preferably to 1.5°C, compared to pre-industrial levels.

The process of assigning emissions based on the physical relationships between inputs and outputs, and the quantity of emissions.

Quantified data collected directly from specific processes or activities within a company’s value chain, used to assess greenhouse gas emissions more accurately.

The total greenhouse gas emissions generated throughout a product’s lifecycle, from raw material extraction to disposal, measured in carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e).

The life cycle stage in a product’s life cycle where it is distributed and stored before reaching the end consumer, which contributes to its overall carbon footprint.